The incidence of deformities is differing from one population to another. Nevertheless, the rates reported are considerably high. Correction of deformities usually takes place by means of orthognatic surgery, orthodontic treatment or a combination of these procedures. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of complications following orthognatic surgical procedures in patients who had undergone this procedure.Patients were selected from those referred to Taleghani Hospital during 1993 to 1997. An existing data analysis was performed by looking up the patients case notes. Results indicated that: from the total of 101 patients, 16.9 percent were suffering from nerve injury with 4.9 percent suffering from bone segment fracture.

Okhovvat A, Yaghoubi Hamgini M, Hashemi SM, Abtahi SH, Nemati SH. Evaluation of Two Facial Nerve LandmarksFrequency in Parotidectomy. IrJNS. 2017; 2(4): 6-8. Published online at: March, 30, 2017, Corrected after print atNov 19, 2018. In the version of this article initially published, one of the authors (Shadman Nemati) is missed. The error hasbeen corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. This article is a product of a research project which was conducted with co-operation of Rhino-sinus, Ear and SkullBase Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences and Department of Otolaryngology-Headand Neck Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; and the authors acknowledge that this paper is only theresults of the Isfahan center and the other findings of the colleagues in Rhino-sinus, Ear and Skull Base DiseasesResearch Center of Guilan will be published in future.

Introduction: Septorhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic procedures in Iran. Intracranial complications such asmeningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, pneumocephalus, and damage to the skull’ s base are rare, but potential lifethreateningcomplications are associated with such procedures, though very few cases of intracranial complications after septorhinoplastyhave been reported. Case Presentation: A 29-year-old woman was admitted to a limited surgery clinic in Tehran, Iran in 2015 for septorhinoplasty, and4 days post-operation she complained of headache, drowsiness, and CSF rhinorrhea. The patient’ s surgical complications includeda skull base fracture, pneumocephalus, and an epidural hematoma. Conclusions: Prevention of life-threatening complications following septorhinoplasty is important. Prevention, early detection, and appropriate treatment of intracranial complications will result in fewer catastrophic outcomes. To prevent damage to the skullbase and other cerebral complications, it is necessary that surgeons use a suitable technique, understand appropriate anatomicalinformation, maintain awareness of possible anatomic variations, and practice gentle manipulation of the ethmoid roof.

Medical science experts have reached scientific and technological improvements in recent decades and have turned surgery into a routine treatment by controlling its complications. Cumulative changes in surgery resulted in decreased pain and discomfort and controlled complications. The developmental path and changes have resulted in endoscopic with minimal invasive surgery (MIS) in which only few small incisions are made on the body and surgery is done through video control which otherwise required more and larger incision with more complication. But this method with all the usefulness has some problems such as discrepancy between surgeon's eye and hand, indirect and two dimensional vision, limited degree of freedom of instruments and surgeon's fatigue. In addition this type of surgery needs complete education and skill. The sum of these factors limits the use of MIS. In order to overcome these problems, robotic surgery m MIS, a few small incisions are made and surgery method is invented. In this method like n is able to perform the surgery from a distance by a three dimension vision by controlling the arms of robots which are similar to the movements of human and are placed around the table of surgery. Despite all the benefits of this method, its high cost limits its use. Although it's hopeful that with the improvements of this method and its usefulness, the costs will decrease.

Day surgery (also called ambulatory or outpatient surgery), the practice of performing surgery without an overnight hospital stay, is not new- indeed it can trace its origins back to the early 1900s (1, 2)- but it only really became popular from about the 1980s. North America, the United Kingdom and Northern Europe were amongst some of the earliest advocates, but the practice has since spread far wider.Experience from North America suggests that 70- 80% of all elective surgeries may be possible on a day case basis and the United Kingdom is rapidly approaching these levels.